8,797 research outputs found
Professional issues in maternal mental health scale (PIMMHS): The development and initial validation of a brief and valid measure
Introduction:The life-threatening consequences of perinatal mental health problems (PMHP) are well documented. Midwives are ideally placed to effectively identify women at risk and facilitate early intervention. However, a multitude of factors contribute to failure in recognition and treatment. It would be of value for service providers to be able to identify key professional issues in their own context. The present study sought to develop and evaluate a ‘professional issues in maternal mental health’ scale (PIMMHS), explore its psychometric properties and potential application.Methods:A cross-sectional design and instrument evaluation approach was taken to investigate the psychometric properties of the PIMMHS. A total of 266 student midwives from 10 UK institutions completed the PIMMHS via Survey Monkey.Results:PIMMHS comprises two sub-scales of emotion/communication (PIMMHSEmotion sub-scale) and training (PIMMHS-Training sub-scale). Both PIMMHS subscales demonstrate adequate divergent and convergent validity. Sub-optimal internal consistency was observed for the training sub-scale, however, the PIMMHS-Training had a more impressive effect size in terms of known-groups discriminant validity compared to PIMMHS-Emotion.Conclusions:The PIMMHS appears to be a sound psychometric instrument for assessing professional issues that influence the practice of student midwives in PMH. The PIMMHS could support education providers to identify areas for curriculum development, as well as maternity services in proactive assessment of service provision, to identify training and service development opportunities
The Curse of Knowledge in Economic Settings: An Experimental Analysis
In economic analyses of asymmetric information, better-informed agents are assumed capable of reproducing the judgments of less-informed agents. We discuss a systematic violation of this assumption that we call the "curse of knowledge." Better-informed agents are unable to ignore private information even when it is in their interest to do so; more information is not always better. Comparing judgments made in individual-level and market experiments, we find that market forces reduce the curse by approximately 50 percent but do not eliminate it. Implications for bargaining, strategic behavior by firms, principal-agent problems, and choice under un-certainty are discussed
On Vertically Global, Horizontally Local Models for Astrophysical Disks
Disks with a barotropic equilibrium structure, for which the pressure is only
a function of the density, rotate on cylinders in the presence of a
gravitational potential, so that the angular frequency of such a disk is
independent of height. Such disks with barotropic equilibria can be
approximately modeled using the shearing box framework, representing a small
disk volume with height-independent angular frequency. If the disk is in
baroclinic equilibrium, the angular frequency does generally depend on height,
and it is thus necessary to go beyond the standard shearing box approach. In
this paper, we show that given a global disk model, it is possible to develop
approximate models that are local in horizontal planes without an expansion in
height with shearing-periodic boundary conditions. We refer to the resulting
framework as the vertically global shearing box (VGSB). These models can be
non-axisymmetric for globally barotropic equilibria but should be axisymmetric
for globally baroclinic equilibria. We provide explicit equations for this VGSB
which can be implemented in standard magnetohydrodynamic codes by generalizing
the shearing-periodic boundary conditions to allow for a height-dependent
angular frequency and shear rate. We also discuss the limitations that result
from the radial approximations that are needed in order to impose
height-dependent shearing periodic boundary conditions. We illustrate the
potential of this framework by studying a vertical shear instability and
examining the modes associated with the magnetorotational instability.Comment: 24 pages, 8 figures, updated to match published versio
Using the Java Media Framework to build Adaptive Groupware Applications
Realtime audio and video conferencing has not yet been satisfactorily integrated into web-based groupware environments. Conferencing tools are at best only loosely linked to other parts of a shared working environment, and this is in part due to their implications for resource allocation and management. The Java Media Framework offers a promising means of redressing this situation. This paper describes an architecture for integrating the management of video and audio conferences into the resource allocation mechanism of an existing web-based groupware framework. The issue of adaptation is discussed and a means of initialising multimedia session parameters based on predicted QoS is described
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